Appendix

Frequently asked questions

Other resourcespermalink

Please see the Svelte FAQ and vite-plugin-svelte FAQ as well for the answers to questions deriving from those libraries.

What can I make with SvelteKit?permalink

SvelteKit can be used to create most kinds of applications. Out of the box, SvelteKit supports many features including:

Dynamic page content with load functions and API routes.
SEO-friendly dynamic content with server-side rendering (SSR).
User-friendly progressively-enhanced interactive pages with SSR and Form Actions.
Static pages with prerendering.

SvelteKit can also be deployed to a wide spectrum of hosted architectures via adapters. In cases where SSR is used (or server-side logic is added without prerendering), those functions will be adapted to the target backend. Some examples include:

Self-hosted dynamic web applications with a Node.js backend.
Serverless web applications with backend loaders and APIs deployed as remote functions. See zero-config deployments for popular deployment options.
Static pre-rendered sites such as a blog or multi-page site hosted on a CDN or static host. Statically-generated sites are shipped without a backend.
Single-page Applications (SPAs) with client-side routing and rendering for API-driven dynamic content. SPAs are shipped without a backend and are not server-rendered. This option is commonly chosen when bundling SvelteKit with an app written in PHP, .Net, Java, C, Golang, Rust, etc.
A mix of the above; some routes can be static, and some routes can use backend functions to fetch dynamic information. This can be configured with page options that includes the option to opt out of SSR.

In order to support SSR, a JS backend — such as Node.js or Deno-based server, serverless function, or edge function — is required.

It is also possible to write custom adapters or leverage community adapters to deploy SvelteKit to more platforms such as specialized server environments, browser extensions, or native applications. See integrations for more examples and integrations.

How do I use HMR with SvelteKit?permalink

SvelteKit has HMR enabled by default powered by svelte-hmr. If you saw Rich's presentation at the 2020 Svelte Summit, you may have seen a more powerful-looking version of HMR presented. This demo had svelte-hmr's preserveLocalState flag on. This flag is now off by default because it may lead to unexpected behaviour and edge cases. But don't worry, you are still getting HMR with SvelteKit! If you'd like to preserve local state you can use the @hmr:keep or @hmr:keep-all directives as documented on the svelte-hmr page.

How do I include details from package.json in my application?permalink

You cannot directly require JSON files, since SvelteKit expects svelte.config.js to be an ES module. If you'd like to include your application's version number or other information from package.json in your application, you can load JSON like so:

svelte.config.js

ts
import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';

const path = fileURLToPath(new URL('package.json', import.meta.url));
const pkg = JSON.parse(readFileSync(path, 'utf8'));

How do I fix the error I'm getting trying to include a package?permalink

Most issues related to including a library are due to incorrect packaging. You can check if a library's packaging is compatible with Node.js by entering it into the publint website.

Here are a few things to keep in mind when checking if a library is packaged correctly:

exports takes precedence over the other entry point fields such as main and module. Adding an exports field may not be backwards-compatible as it prevents deep imports.
ESM files should end with .mjs unless "type": "module" is set in which any case CommonJS files should end with .cjs.
main should be defined if exports is not. It should be either a CommonJS or ESM file and adhere to the previous bullet. If a module field is defined, it should refer to an ESM file.
Svelte components should be distributed as uncompiled .svelte files with any JS in the package written as ESM only. Custom script and style languages, like TypeScript and SCSS, should be preprocessed as vanilla JS and CSS respectively. We recommend using svelte-package for packaging Svelte libraries, which will do this for you.

Libraries work best in the browser with Vite when they distribute an ESM version, especially if they are dependencies of a Svelte component library. You may wish to suggest to library authors that they provide an ESM version. However, CommonJS (CJS) dependencies should work as well since, by default, vite-plugin-svelte will ask Vite to pre-bundle them using esbuild to convert them to ESM.

If you are still encountering issues we recommend searching both the Vite issue tracker and the issue tracker of the library in question. Sometimes issues can be worked around by fiddling with the optimizeDeps or ssr config values though we recommend this as only a short-term workaround in favor of fixing the library in question.

How do I use the view transitions API with SvelteKit?permalink

While SvelteKit does not have any specific integration with view transitions, you can call document.startViewTransition in onNavigate to trigger a view transition on every navigation.

ts
import { onNavigate } from '$app/navigation';

onNavigate((navigation) => {
Property 'startViewTransition' does not exist on type 'Document'.2339Property 'startViewTransition' does not exist on type 'Document'.	if (!document.startViewTransition) return;

	return new Promise((resolve) => {
		document.startViewTransition(async () => {
			resolve();
			await navigation.complete;
		});
	});
});

For more, see "Unlocking view transitions" on the Svelte blog.

How do I use X with SvelteKit?permalink

Make sure you've read the documentation section on integrations. If you're still having trouble, solutions to common issues are listed below.

How do I setup a database?permalink

Put the code to query your database in a server route - don't query the database in .svelte files. You can create a db.js or similar that sets up a connection immediately and makes the client accessible throughout the app as a singleton. You can execute any one-time setup code in hooks.js and import your database helpers into any endpoint that needs them.

How do I use a client-side only library that depends on document or window?permalink

If you need access to the document or window variables or otherwise need code to run only on the client-side you can wrap it in a browser check:

ts
import { browser } from '$app/environment';

if (browser) {
	// client-only code here
}

You can also run code in onMount if you'd like to run it after the component has been first rendered to the DOM:

ts
import { onMount } from 'svelte';

onMount(async () => {
	const { method } = await import('some-browser-only-library');
	method('hello world');
});

If the library you'd like to use is side-effect free you can also statically import it and it will be tree-shaken out in the server-side build where onMount will be automatically replaced with a no-op:

ts
import { onMount } from 'svelte';
import { method } from 'some-browser-only-library';

onMount(() => {
	method('hello world');
});

Finally, you may also consider using an {#await} block:

index.svelte

<script>
	import { browser } from '$app/environment';

	const ComponentConstructor = browser ?
		import('some-browser-only-library').then((module) => module.Component) :
		new Promise(() => {});
</script>

{#await ComponentConstructor}
	<p>Loading...</p>
{:then component}
	<svelte:component this={component} />
{:catch error}
	<p>Something went wrong: {error.message}</p>
{/await}

index.svelte

<script lang="ts">
	import { browser } from '$app/environment';
	
	const ComponentConstructor = browser
		? import('some-browser-only-library').then((module) => module.Component)
		: new Promise(() => {});
</script>

{#await ComponentConstructor}
	<p>Loading...</p>
{:then component}
	<svelte:component this={component} />
{:catch error}
	<p>Something went wrong: {error.message}</p>
{/await}

How do I use a different backend API server?permalink

You can use event.fetch to request data from an external API server, but be aware that you would need to deal with CORS, which will result in complications such as generally requiring requests to be preflighted resulting in higher latency. Requests to a separate subdomain may also increase latency due to an additional DNS lookup, TLS setup, etc. If you wish to use this method, you may find handleFetch helpful.

Another approach is to set up a proxy to bypass CORS headaches. In production, you would rewrite a path like /api to the API server; for local development, use Vite's server.proxy option.

How to setup rewrites in production will depend on your deployment platform. If rewrites aren't an option, you could alternatively add an API route:

src/routes/api/[...path]/+server.js

ts
/** @type {import('./$types').RequestHandler} */
export function GET({ params, url }) {
	return fetch(`https://my-api-server.com/${params.path + url.search}`);
}

src/routes/api/[...path]/+server.ts

ts
import type { RequestHandler } from './$types';

export const GET: RequestHandler = ({ params, url }) => {
	return fetch(`https://my-api-server.com/${params.path + url.search}`);
};

(Note that you may also need to proxy POST/PATCH etc requests, and forward request.headers, depending on your needs.)

How do I use middleware?permalink

adapter-node builds a middleware that you can use with your own server for production mode. In dev, you can add middleware to Vite by using a Vite plugin. For example:

ts
import { sveltekit } from '@sveltejs/kit/vite';

/** @type {import('vite').Plugin} */
const myPlugin = {
	name: 'log-request-middleware',
	configureServer(server) {
		server.middlewares.use((req, res, next) => {
			console.log(`Got request ${req.url}`);
			next();
Type 'Promise<Plugin_2[]>' is not assignable to type 'PluginOption'.
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    Type 'Plugin_2[]' is not assignable to type 'false | Plugin_2 | PluginOption[] | null | undefined'.
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        Type 'Plugin_2' is not assignable to type 'PluginOption'.
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            Types of property 'apply' are incompatible.
              Type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                Type '(this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                  Type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean'.
                    Types of parameters 'config' and 'config' are incompatible.
                      Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig'.
                        Types of property 'plugins' are incompatible.
                          Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined'.
                            Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]'.
                              Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption'.
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                                  Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin'.
                                    Types of property 'apply' are incompatible.
                                      Type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                                        Type '(this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                                          Type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean'.
                                            Types of parameters 'config' and 'config' are incompatible.
                                              Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig'.
                                                Types of property 'plugins' are incompatible.
                                                  Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined'.
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                                                          Type 'Promise<false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined>' is not assignable to type 'Promise<false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined>'.
                                                            Type 'false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined' is not assignable to type 'false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined'.
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            Types of property 'apply' are incompatible.
              Type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                Type '(this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                  Type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean'.
                    Types of parameters 'config' and 'config' are incompatible.
                      Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig'.
                        Types of property 'plugins' are incompatible.
                          Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined'.
                            Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]'.
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                                Type 'Plugin_2' is not assignable to type 'PluginOption'.
                                  Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin'.
                                    Types of property 'apply' are incompatible.
                                      Type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                                        Type '(this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '"serve" | "build" | ((this: void, config: UserConfig, env: ConfigEnv) => boolean) | undefined'.
                                          Type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean' is not assignable to type '(this: void, config: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig, env: import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").ConfigEnv) => boolean'.
                                            Types of parameters 'config' and 'config' are incompatible.
                                              Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").UserConfig'.
                                                Types of property 'plugins' are incompatible.
                                                  Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | undefined'.
                                                    Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[]'.
                                                      Type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption' is not assignable to type 'import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption'.
                                                        Type 'Promise<false | Plugin_2 | PluginOption[] | null | undefined>' is not assignable to type 'PluginOption'.
                                                          Type 'Promise<false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined>' is not assignable to type 'Promise<false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined>'.
                                                            Type 'false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined' is not assignable to type 'false | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").Plugin | import("/vercel/path0/sites/kit.svelte.dev/node_modules/vite/dist/node/index").PluginOption[] | null | undefined'.
                                                              Type 'Plugin_2' is not assignable to type 'false | Plugin_2 | PluginOption[] | null | undefined'.		});
	}
};

/** @type {import('vite').UserConfig} */
const config = {
	plugins: [myPlugin, sveltekit()]
};

export default config;

See Vite's configureServer docs for more details including how to control ordering.

Does it work with Yarn 2?permalink

Sort of. The Plug'n'Play feature, aka 'pnp', is broken (it deviates from the Node module resolution algorithm, and doesn't yet work with native JavaScript modules which SvelteKit — along with an increasing number of packages — uses). You can use nodeLinker: 'node-modules' in your .yarnrc.yml file to disable pnp, but it's probably easier to just use npm or pnpm, which is similarly fast and efficient but without the compatibility headaches.

How do I use with Yarn 3?permalink

Currently ESM Support within the latest Yarn (version 3) is considered experimental.

The below seems to work although your results may vary.

First create a new application:

yarn create svelte myapp
cd myapp

And enable Yarn Berry:

yarn set version berry
yarn install

Yarn 3 global cachepermalink

One of the more interesting features of Yarn Berry is the ability to have a single global cache for packages, instead of having multiple copies for each project on the disk. However, setting enableGlobalCache to true causes building to fail, so it is recommended to add the following to the .yarnrc.yml file:

yaml
nodeLinker: node-modules

This will cause packages to be downloaded into a local node_modules directory but avoids the above problem and is your best bet for using version 3 of Yarn at this point in time.

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